Publications

This work analyses three uncertainty sources affecting the observation-based gridded data sets: station density, interpolation methodology and spatial resolution. For this purpose, we consider precipitation in two countries, Poland and Spain, three resolutions (0.11, 0.22 and 0.44°), three interpolation methods, both areal- and point-representative implementations, and three different densities of the underlying station network (high/medium/low density). As a result, for each resolution and interpolation approach, nine different grids have been obtained for each country and inter-compared using a variance decomposition methodology. Results indicate larger differences among the data sets for Spain than for Poland, mainly due to the larger spatial variability and complex orography of the former region. The variance decomposition points out to station density as the most influential factor, independent of the season, the areal- or point-representative implementation and the country considered, and slightly increasing with the spatial resolution. In contrast, the decomposition is stable when extreme precipitation indices are considered, in particular for the 50-year return value. Finally, the uncertainty due to station sub-sampling inside a particular grid box decreases with the number of stations used in the averaging/interpolation. In the case of spatially homogeneous grid boxes, the interpolation approach obtains similar results for all the parameters, excepting the wet day frequency, independently of the number of stations. When there is a more significant internal variability in the grid box, the interpolation is more sensitive to the number of stations, pointing out to a minimum stations’ density for the target resolution (six to seven stations).